India’s judicial system has witnessed several landmark judgments that have left an indelible mark on the legal landscape of the country. From social reforms to upholding constitutional values, these judgments have played a pivotal role in shaping India’s legal framework. In this blog post, we explore some of the most interesting and influential judgments that have significantly impacted various aspects of Indian society.
Keshavananda Bharati vs. State of Kerala (1973): This historic case is renowned for its contribution to constitutional law. The Supreme Court, through this judgment, established the “Basic Structure Doctrine,” which states that certain essential features of the Indian Constitution cannot be amended by the Parliament. The case arose when the State of Kerala sought to acquire the property of a religious institution. The judgment not only safeguarded the core principles of the Constitution but also secured its supremacy and set boundaries on the amending power of the Parliament.
Vishaka vs. State of Rajasthan (1997): In this case, the Supreme Court formulated guidelines to address sexual harassment at workplaces, laying the foundation for the Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act. The judgment recognized the fundamental right to a safe and dignified work environment for women and emphasized the need for preventive measures and redressal mechanisms. This groundbreaking judgment was a significant step towards promoting gender equality in the workplace.
Shah Bano Begum vs. Mohammad Ahmed Khan (1985): This significant case dealt with the issue of maintenance for Muslim women. The Supreme Court ruled that a Muslim woman is entitled to maintenance beyond the period of iddat (post-divorce waiting period), enforcing her right to financial support even after divorce. The judgment sparked debates on the need for uniform civil code in India and led to subsequent reforms in family law.
Navtej Singh Johar vs. Union of India (2018): In a landmark judgment, the Supreme Court decriminalized consensual homosexual relationships between adults, striking down Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code. This judgment upheld the principles of equality, dignity, and individual liberty, ushering in a new era of LGBTQ+ rights in India. It was a significant victory for the LGBTQ+ community and marked a departure from outdated and discriminatory laws.
M.C. Mehta vs. Union of India (1987): In this environmental litigation, the Supreme Court took suo moto cognizance of the issue of pollution in the Taj Trapezium Zone. The judgment led to the protection and preservation of the iconic Taj Mahal and set a precedent for environmental protection cases in India. It highlighted the judiciary’s proactive role in safeguarding India’s cultural heritage and natural resources.
Lily Thomas vs. Union of India (2013): This judgment focused on electoral reforms and declared that convicted Members of Parliament and State Legislatures would be disqualified immediately upon conviction. The ruling aimed to cleanse the political system and enhance transparency and accountability. It sent a strong message against criminalization of politics and upheld the integrity of the legislative bodies.
Aruna Shanbaug vs. Union of India (2011): This case dealt with the issue of passive euthanasia. The Supreme Court allowed withdrawal of life support from patients in a vegetative state under certain conditions. The judgment opened up discussions on the sensitive topic of right to die with dignity. It led to the development of guidelines for passive euthanasia, offering clarity on the legal aspect of end-of-life decisions.
India’s legal history is enriched by a series of groundbreaking judgments that have impacted society, governance, and individual rights. These landmark rulings have acted as catalysts for social change, safeguarding fundamental freedoms, and reinforcing the principles enshrined in the Indian Constitution. The evolution of Indian jurisprudence continues, and as the nation progresses, the judiciary’s role in interpreting and upholding the rule of law remains paramount.
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